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Environmental fluid mechanics (EFM) is the scientific study of transport, dispersion and transformation processes in natural fluid flows on our planet Earth, from the microscale to the planetary scale. This book brings together scientists and engineers working in research institutions, universities and academia, who engage in the study of theoretical, modeling, measuring and software aspects in environmental fluid mechanics. It provides a forum for the participants, and exchanges new ideas and expertise through the presentations of up-to-date and recent overall achievements in this field.

Fluid mechanics. --- Geophysics --- Environmental hydraulics. --- Hydraulics --- Fluid models in geophysics --- Rotating dishpan --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Fluid models.

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The problems of making inferences about the natural world from noisy observations and imperfect theories occur in almost all scientific disciplines. This 2006 book addresses these problems using examples taken from geophysical fluid dynamics. It focuses on discrete formulations, both static and time-varying, known variously as inverse, state estimation or data assimilation problems. Starting with fundamental algebraic and statistical ideas, the book guides the reader through a range of inference tools including the singular value decomposition, Gauss-Markov and minimum variance estimates, Kalman filters and related smoothers, and adjoint (Lagrange multiplier) methods. The final chapters discuss a variety of practical applications to geophysical flow problems. Discrete Inverse and State Estimation Problems is an ideal introduction to the topic for graduate students and researchers in oceanography, meteorology, climate dynamics, and geophysical fluid dynamics. It is also accessible to a wider scientific audience; the only prerequisite is an understanding of linear algebra.

Oceanography --- Estimation theory --- Geophysics --- Mathematical models --- Fluid models --- Problèmes inverses (équations différentielles) --- Inverse problems (Differential equations) --- Estimation theory. --- Fluid models in geophysics --- Rotating dishpan --- Estimating techniques --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Stochastic processes --- Mathematical models. --- Fluid models. --- Fluides, Mécanique des --- Fluid mechanics --- Géophysique --- Mécanique des fluides. --- Oceanography - Mathematical models --- Geophysics - Fluid models

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Atmospheric circulation --- Geophysics --- Hydraulics --- Mathematical models --- Fluid models --- Mathematical models --- Preissman, Alexander,

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This product, consisting of a CD-ROM and a book, deals with the numerical simulation of reactive transport in porous media using the simulation package SHEMAT/Processing SHEMAT. SHEMAT (Simulator for HEat and MAss Transport) is an easy-to-use, general-purpose reactive transport simulation code for a wide variety of thermal and hydrogeological problems in two or three dimensions. The book is a richly documented manual for users of this software which discusses in detail the coded physical and chemical equations. Thus, it provides the in-depth background required by those who want to apply the code for solving advanced technical and scientific problems. The enclosed companion CD-ROM contains the software and data for all of the case studies. The software includes user-friendly pre- and post-processors which make it very easy to set up a model, run it and view the results, all from one platform. Therefore, the software is also very suitable for academic or technical "hands-on" courses for simulating flow, transport of heat and mass, and chemical reactions in porous media. You can find a link to the updated software on springer.com .

Heat --- Mass transfer --- Groundwater flow --- Geophysics --- Transmission --- Computer simulation --- Mathematical models --- Fluid models --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Thermodynamics --- Computer simulation. --- Mathematical models. --- Geophysics. --- Geology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Fluids. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Heat - Transmission - Computer simulation --- Heat - Transmission - Mathematical models --- Mass transfer - Computer simulation --- Mass transfer - Mathematical models --- Groundwater flow - Computer simulation --- Groundwater flow - Mathematical models --- Geophysics - Fluid models - Computer simulation --- Geophysics - Fluid models - Mathematical models --- Transfert de chaleur. --- Transfert de masse. --- Eaux souterraines --- Géophysique. --- Computer programs. --- Écoulement. --- Fluid models.

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This book develops a fundamental understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics based on a mathematical description of the flows of inhomogeneous fluids. It covers these topics: 1. development of the equations of motion for an inhomogeneous fluid 2. review of thermodynamics 3. thermodynamic and kinetic energy equations 4. equations of state for the atmosphere and the ocean, salt, and moisture effects 5. concepts of potential temperature and potential density 6. Boussinesq and quasi-geostrophic approximations 7. conservation equations for vorticity, mechanical and thermal energy instability theories, internal waves, mixing, convection, double-diffusion, stratified turbulence, fronts, intrusions, gravity currents Graduate students will be able to learn and apply the basic theory of geophysical fluid dynamics of inhomogeneous fluids on a rotating earth, including: 1. derivation of the governing equations for a stratified fluid starting from basic principles of physics 2. review of thermodynamics, equations of state, isothermal, adiabatic, isentropic changes 3. scaling of the equations, Boussinesq approximation, applied to the ocean and the atmosphere 4. examples of stratified flows at geophysical scales, steady and unsteady motions, inertia-gravity internal waves, quasi-geostrophic theory 5. vorticity and energy conservation in stratified fluids 6.boundary layer convection in stratified containers and basins.

Oceanography. --- Meteorology. --- Coasts. --- Hydrology. --- Geophysics. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Geophysics and Environmental Physics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Aquatic sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Marine sciences --- Geophysics --- Fluid models. --- Fluid models in geophysics --- Rotating dishpan